由Monica E. OSS1945年，Kaiser Permanene成立于加利福尼亚州沙漠中心附近的外科医生的外科医生为非营利性健康维护组织（HMO）创立。Today Kaiser is the nation’s largest integrated health system with its own nonprofit insurance plan, serving 12.4 million consumers in eight states (California, Colorado, Georgia, Hawaii, Maryland, Oregon, Virginia, Washington) and the District of Columbia with operating revenue of $88.7 billion. Kaiser’s Medicare health plans received five out of five stars in Centers for Medicare and Medicaid stars ratings in D.C. and all states except Washington, where they got 4.5 stars. Kaiser…